The beneficial relationship between humans and Purple Martins, a type of swallow, has existed for hundreds of years in North America. These birds are voracious insect-eaters, particularly fond of mosquitoes, and early Native Americans recognized the advantages of attracting them. Historically, they nested in pre-made spots like abandoned woodpecker holes, but people soon began providing artificial housing to encourage larger colonies.
The earliest man-made nests were hollowed-out gourds, a method still used today, though modern versions are often made from more durable materials. There are two main types of nesting structures. One mimics the traditional gourd shape but is now white and often arranged in neat rows, suspended from tall poles 10 to 15 feet off the ground and at least 60 feet from buildings. The other resembles a white, multi-unit birdhouse, similar to an apartment complex, accommodating multiple families. Dedicated hosts often set up multiple structures to attract large colonies. Since these birds migrate but return to the same nesting sites each year, maintaining the houses—such as cleaning them after migration—ensures they come back.
Today, one of the best places to see these bird communities is on Amish farms. Beyond their natural mosquito control, the birds are visually striking, fascinating to observe, and delightful singers. Many Amish families have upheld this tradition for generations, often assigning the care of these avian guests to children.
Visitors touring the countryside can see these bird-friendly setups in action. For those eager to learn more, Nature Unlimited offers expert insights into these remarkable creatures.
